RESPONSI BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS XII

RESPONSI BAHASA INGGRIS 

KELAS XII

( 2 SEPTEMBER 2016 )

MAKING PAPER FROM WOODCHIPS

Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets. The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch. Paper may be between 0.07 millimetres (0.0028 in) and 0.18 millimetres (0.0071 in) thick. The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant.  Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing before the introduction of paper into the Middle East and Europe.

Paper, and the pulp papermaking process, was said to be developed in China during the early 2nd century AD, possibly as early as the year 105 A.D. by the Han court eunuch Cai Lun, although the earliest archaeological fragments of paper derive from the 2nd century BC in China.

Woodchipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from forest trees. The woodchipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a coupe.

Next the tops and branches of the trees are cut out and then the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper which cuts them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or changed into pulp by chemicals and heat. Pulp is a lignocellulosic fibrous material prepared by chemically or mechanically separating cellulose fibres from wood, fibre crops orwaste paper. Wood provides about 90 % of the basis for pulp production, while about 10 % originates from annual plants. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

            Finally the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

1. What is paper ?
2. Where does the word “paper” come from ?
3. How thick is a piece of paper in inches ?
4. What is woodchipping ?
5. Where we get the trees for woodchipping process ?
6. Are the tops and branches of the trees cut out before taken to the mill ?
7. What happened to the logs in the mill ?
8. Why the woodchips are screened in the mill ?
9. What is pulp ?
10. How many percent wood provides pulp ?

NOTE : Please answer the questions above by adding the reasons for each questions !